C5-6 level was the most frequently affected level. The most frequently affected level was C5-6 (Table 3). Only the degenerative type of spinal canal stenosis was seen. The most frequent MRI finding was disc degeneration seen in 27 respondents (62.8%), followed by disc herniation seen in 19 (44.2%). All the findings were due to degenerative disc disease. Negative findings were also more common in males than in females (Fig 3). Positive MRI findings are mainly seen in males accounting for 17 (39.5%) participants, while females were 10 (23.2%). Twenty-seven (62.8%) respondents showed at least a single positive MRI change and 16 (37.3%) showed normal MRI. Central protrusions were opposite to the middle third of the cord, paracentral was opposite to the lateral third, foraminal against neural foramen, and extraforaminal (far lateral) protrusions lateral to the cord Some of the examples can be viewed in (Fig 2). These protrusions were classified as central, paracentral, foraminal, or extraforaminal (far lateral) according to its relationship with the spinal cord in the axial plane.
Disc extrusion when less than 50% of circumference was seen with a narrower base than tip.Disc protrusion when less than 50% of disc circumference was seen with a wider base than tip,.Disc bulge when more than 50% of disc circumference was seen,.The posterior part was divided into central or paracentral osteophytes, which were observed in T1W and T2W images in axial and sagittal views.ĭisc herniation was considered as any protrusion of non-osseous disc material beyond borders of the endplate of the adjacent vertebral body, and classified as follows: Osteophytes were considered to be any osseous protrusion from the vertebral body outside its normal borders in anterior or posterior directions. Loss of disc height was assessed subjectively in comparison with higher normal levels and divided into 4 grades from 0-4 meaning 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, and 75-100%. Grade zero and one disc degeneration was considered to be normal while grade two and three were considered as abnormal. ĭisc degeneration was assessed in T2W images according to the grading system by Lloydine J. The predisposing risk factors for cervical spine changes include the nature of work, posture of the individual, age factor, gender, any medical history of trauma in the cervical region, genetic factor, smoking, and so on. Thus, MRI can detect early stages of disc degeneration and has been a preferred method of choice in assessing disc integrity in clinically symptomatic individuals. This is because MRI is very safe, non-invasive, and highly sensitive for detecting changes in the skeletal structures like Cervical Spondylotic Changes (CSC), in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The development of various diagnostic techniques like MRI has been a prime encouragement for researchers to look into such cervical changes among medical professionals. They usually complain of neck and shoulder ache More than 86.7% of dental professionals are suffering from MSDs affecting the neck and shoulder regions. Work-related MSDs have shown an increasing incidence among dental professionals, and thus, proved to be one of the major occupational hazards for them. The unsuitable posture has a greater contribution to developing such a muscular imbalance.
Recently, research based on surveys suggested the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSDs) in dental professionals, with respect to the cervical, shoulder, and/or lumbar region.
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